Osa electrooptical bistability in semiconductor laser. The bistability is primarily dispersive with the nonlinear refractive index arising from lightinduced changes in exciton absorption. The stochastic resonance based on optical bistability in the semiconductor optical amplifier is numerically investigated to extract a weak pulse signal buried in noise. Reported is an experimental investigation of optical nonlinearities in gaalas waveguides and in particular the observation of four distinct types of cw optical bistability ob. Pdf optical bistability in semiconductor microcavities.
This nonlinearity is shown to be wellsuited to produce a mainly dispersive optical bistability. Optical bistability in semiconductor waveguides nasaads. Subsequently, and almost coincident with the first gaas experiment 1 was the work of miller, smith and johnston 2 who observed ob in insb. Multiplescale analysis is employed for the study of nonlinear wave propagation in periodic layered media. Osa multiplescale analysis of optical bistability in. External light sources have been used to trigger the bistable switching directly, and the twinstripe laser has been used in optical flipflop configuration. In a first step, wave propagation in each individual layer is modeled by a corresponding equivalent nonlinear transmission line.
Optical nonlinearity, bistability, and signal processing. Optical bistability an overview sciencedirect topics. Since the first observation of optical bistability in a passive, unexcited medium of sodium na vapor in 1974 mccall, gibbs, churchill. Pdf optical bistability in active semiconductor microring. In more complicated situations, numerical solutions are nec. The output property of optical bistability under different system parameters is analyzed, which determines the performance of the stochastic resonance. Optical bistability in a single semiconductor transistor laser are realized and demonstrated based on the modulation of cavity photon density via the base quantumwells for photongeneration and collector intracavity photon assisted tunneling for photonabsorption. In the high refractive index layer three types of ob were observed. This thesis reports an experimental investigation of optical nonlinearities in gaalas waveguides and in particular the observation of four distinct types of cw optical bistability ob. Ginzton laboratory, stanford university, stanford, ca94305 abstract.
Osa experimental observations of thermooptical bistability. Optical bistability via biexciton coherence in semiconductor quantum well article in optics communications accepted and will be published november 20 with 52 reads how we measure reads. Intrinsic optical bistability in a semiconductor doped. Optical bistability in verticalcavity semiconductor optical amplifiers. Temperature variation of optical bistability of a semiconductor. Optical bistability in semiconductor lasers is an interesting subject because of their many advantages. Abstract the framework for a fully quantitative theory of optical bistability in semiconductors is established. Optical bistability in diodelaser amplifiers and injection. Volume 117, number 4 physics letters a 11 august 1986 a model for optical bistability in semiconductors c. The optical power and phase of these signals are both modeled, as well as the optical gain of the fpsoa. Switching speeds are shown to be semiconductors at other wavelengths remains a possibility and such devices offer considerable potential for all optical switching in integrated optics and laser pulse control. These processes arise because of the dynamics of excited populations of charge carriers temporarily created in otherwise empty states when a beam of laser radiation is incident on the material. Optical properties of dielectric and semiconductor thin films 3 analytic solutions can be given if we assume that the incident wave is a pure wave and that the boundary layers are regular. Optical bistability in semiconductors harvard university.
In the high refractive index layer three types of ob were observed these were 1 optothermal refractive ob occurring on a timescale of tau 100 ms. Optical bistability in semiconductor microcavities a. Excitonic optical bistability in ntype doped semiconductors article pdf available in canadian journal of physics 7012. Abstract detailed results are presented on optical bistability ob and twobeam optical transistor transphasor action in simple, oneelement fabryperot devices, with the semiconductor insb and a cw co laser near the bandgap region, and ob for semiconductors in general is discussed. The exciton phonon interaction is shown to result in a nonlinear behavior of absorption as a function of exciton gas density. Fast optical wavelength bistability under the modehopping. Seaton, optical bistability in semiconductors, ieee journal of quantum electronics qe. We propose a new type of bistable device for silicon photonics, using the self electrooptic effect within an optical cavity. Optical bistability due to virtual formation of biexcitons in semiconductors. Optical bistability in semiconductors springerlink. In this work, we have demonstrated experimentally the electro optical switch, logic and memory operations at the speed of as fast as nanosecond region, utilizing the modehopping phenomenon of a laser diode. Through optimizing these parameters, the noisehidden signal is extracted.
This readily demonstrates how nonlinear optical effects can be used to transmit information, providing an instructive introduction to the main concepts of optical computing. Optical bistability of layer semiconductors in the exciton. Pdf an analytic study of the switching process in excitonic. Optical bistability ob in semiconductor lasers and in resonanttype laser amplifiers has attracted much attention recently because of its potential application in optical computing and optical communication networks. The bistability is primarily dispersive with the nonlinear refractive index arising from light. Time dependent analysis of active and passive optical. Optical bistability and transphasor action in semiconductors. This textbook presents the basic elements needed to understand and engage in research in semiconductor physics. Emphasis is on passive nonlaser systems that exhibit reversible bistability with input intensity as the hysteresis variable, along with the physics and the potential applications of such systems for nonlinear optical signal processing. Optical bistability is a rapidly expanding field of current research, and recent progress in this field has stimulated renewed interest in bistable semiconductors lasers 422. Effect of chirped gratings on reflective optical bistability in dfb semiconductor laser amplifiers. Semiconductors exhibit large optical nonlinearities near the band edge because of resonance enhancement. Pc transceiver programming in gprs wireless transmission module.
Fundamentals of optical bistability, semiconductor lasers, femtosecond excitation, the optical stark effect, the semiconductor photon echo, magnetooptic effects, as well as bulk and quantumconfined franzkeldysh effects, are covered. Optical system in laser intersatellites communication p. The switching is believed to be associated with a change in the. Optical bistability in active semiconductor microring structures. Semiconductor photonics semiconductor substrates offer the opportunity of integrating electronic devices with photonic components. Berhampur 760007, orissa, india received 17 october 1984. A comparison of active and passive optical bistability in semiconductors j. The results of the twophoton raman scattering experiments are fitted for cucl and cds. Fundamentals of optical bistability, semiconductor lasers, femtosecond excitation, the. Pdf effect of chirped gratings on reflective optical. The mechanisms causing the observed bistable switching have been investigated. Cavityenabled selfelectrooptic bistability in silicon.
Optical bistability is a rapidly expanding field of current research because of its potential application to alloptical logic and because of the interesting phenomena it encompasses. The waveforms and frequencies of sp can be controlled by changing input light power and its wavelength, and the region of sp can be modulated readily by applying a reverse voltage on the pn junction embedded in the mrr. Quantum theory of the optical and electronic properties of. Results of the theory show an output intensity spike in switchup which occurs after a time delay determined largely by the carrier recombination time, and before which the transition is unstable. The hysteresis width can be adjusted by controlling the current in the. In optics, optical bistability is an attribute of certain optical devices where two resonant transmissions states are possible and stable, dependent on the input. Effect of spontaneous radiation of verticalcavity semiconductor optical amplifier bistability p. Optical bistability and selfpulsation sp in silicon microring resonators mrrs are experimentally observed. Tunable alloptical bistability in a semiconductor quantum dot damped by a phasedependent reservoir m. I dedicate this paper to the memory of sergio porto, a much loved and respected colleague, with whom i shared an enjoyable first half in a football match in novosibirsk. Optical bistability in eryb codoped phosphate glass. Optical bistability in semiconductor microcavities.
The multiplescale analysis is then employed to establish a system of nonlinear equations for the amplitudes of the forward and backward waves in the. We present a simple experiment which demonstrates the main features of intrinsic optical bistability obtained through thermally induced shifts in the band edge of semiconductor particles embedded in a glass matrix. The results of several experimental investigations of the bistability characteristics of insb semiconductors are presented, and recent advances in the theoretical simulation of optical bistability are discussed. In mostwx configurations, optical bistability is achieved by the combined action of the nonlinear response of a material medium and. Optical nonlinearity and bistability in semiconductors due to. In this chapter we present some of the properties of optical bistability, an effect that is not limited to semiconductors, and some of the concepts of digital optical computing.
This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. The bistable etalon consists of a gaalasgaasgaalas molecularbeamepitaxiallygrown sandwich with 90% reflectivity coatings. Optical bistability via biexciton coherence in semiconductor. In bulk gaas and gaasalgaas multiplequantumwell superlattices, the nonlinearity arising from the presence of the freeexciton resonance has produced roomtemperature optical bistability with a few. This pumpsupport scheme is not limited to the study of the flow scattering on defects, but can be used in a more general frame to create and study a large variety of topological defects 202122.
There are two different models to explain the observed optical bistability ob in gaas. Dual signal optical bistability in a semiconductor optical ampli. Optical bistability occurs when the optical nonlinearities are coupled with feedback. Part of the springer series in optical sciences book series ssos, volume 26 abstract i dedicate this paper to the memory of sergio porto, a much loved and respected colleague, with whom i shared an enjoyable first half in a football match in novosibirsk. Optical bistability has been observed in a semiconductor laser operating as an amplifier. May 30, 2005 interband transition nonlinear susceptibility optical bistability nonlinear refraction component pulse these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Johnston, optical bistability and signal amplification in a. This renormalization is treated by calculating the intensitydependent polarization function which in turn determines the dielectric function. Optical bistability in coupledcavity semiconductor lasers. Dynamic nonlinear optical processes in semiconductors. It is an excellent detector for wavelength less than 1 micron but it doesnt work in the transmission window of glass fiber.
Since the first observation of optical bistability in a passive, unexcited medium of sodium na vapor in 1974 mccall, gibbs, churchill, and venkatesan, 1975, bistability has been observed in many different materials including tiny semiconductor etalons. We have also confirmed the hysteresis wavelength bistability region being still effective under even such a high speed. The first demonstrated optical bistability ob in a semiconductor was conducted by gibbs et al. A timedependent theory of optical bistability is developed and applied to laser amplifiers and passive semiconductor etalons. An analytic study of the switching process in excitonic optical bistability in semiconductors article pdf available in journal of physics condensed matter 526. Abstractthe operations of a complete set of optical and, nand, or, and sor gates and clocked optical sr, d, jk, and t flipflops are demonstrated, based on direct polarization switching and polariza tion bistability, which we have recently observed in ingaasfinp semi conductor lasers. The bistable etalon consists of a gaa1asgaasgaa1as molecularbeam epitaxiallygrown sandwich with 90% reflectivity coatings. Pdf optical bistability in verticalcavity semiconductor. Paris 6, ecole normale superieure et cnrs, upmc case 74, 4 place jussieu. The output light intensity is calculated as a function of temperature and the temperature range in which optical bistability occurs is established. Available from umi in association with the british library. Tripathi department of physics, berhampur university. The basic principles underlying optical nonlinearities are developed, including excitonic and manybody plasma effects. Giacobino1 1laboratoire kastler brossel, universite.
Detailed results are presented on optical bistability ob and twobeam optical transistor transphasor action in simple, oneelement fabryperot devices, with the semiconductor insb using a cw co laser near the bandgap region, and ob for semiconductors in general is discussed. When a semiconductor laser, biased just below threshold, is operated as an optical amplifier. These phenomena are theoretically studied by adopting the. Optical bistability has been observed in a semiconductor for the first time. Electrooptical bistability in semiconductor laser ieee. It deals with elementary excitations in bulk and lowdimensional semiconductors, including quantum wells, quantum wires and quantum dots. The bistability arises from the refractive index change due to a decrease in the activeregion carrier. Intrinsic optical bistability in a thin layer of nonlinear. Osa extracting signal via stochastic resonance in the. My improved model is based on an improved model used to study optical bistability of just a single optical signal, in which the internal power is related to the output power with an expression accounting for the fabryperot structure. Current applied research is focused on optimizing these devices by decreasing their size, switching times, and operating power, and operating them at room temperature. Pdf optical bistability due to virtual formation of. Introduction interest in utilizing optical bistability of semiconductor laser ampli.
Controlling light with light focuses on optical bistability in nonlinear optical systems. The paper reports optical and currenttriggered bistable switching of twinstripe lasers. Haken and goll use the saturation of the twolevel electron and hole atoms as the mechanism of ob, whereas the stark shift of excitons is the dominant factor in the work by koch and haug. Using light of frequency just below the exciton peak, we.
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